Exploring the Jade Carving Techniques of the Warring States
The art of jade carving has a very long history in China. It can be traced back to the Neolithic Age more than 7000 years ago. The Warring States Period is a peak period of the development and prosperity of ancient jade. Compared with the spring and autumn period, the same type of equipment is round and compact. In terms of the composition of the lingering, steady and typographic style, the style of the Warring States is vivid and varied, the edges and corners are strong and powerful, the composition is lively and wonderful, and it is full of strong dynamics and vitality. This period of jade craftsman innovation has created a large number of Unprecedented masterpieces such as “out of the profileâ€, “openwork and openwork†and “segmented fit†have pushed the achievements of jade craftsmanship to unprecedented peaks. The Warring States Yushu occupies a prominent position in the history of ancient jade craftsmanship, and is also concerned by collectors of the past. The following describes the craftsmanship of several types of Warring States and Jade.
Warring States
Yin line technique
In the Warring States Period, the style characteristics of the jade line were significantly different from those of the spring and autumn. In comparison, the spring and autumn jade 璜 璜 线 舒 舒 舒 舒 舒 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和 柔和The Yin line is just as strong and clear, with clear and clear, with remarkable and clear, smooth and delicate, powerful and powerful features. In this period, the popular dragon dragonfly is taken as an example. The collection of the double-headed dragon-shaped dragonfly in the Palace Museum collection, the Tomb of the Warring States in Shangwang Village, Linqu District, Zibo, Shandong, was unearthed from the double-headed dragon and the tomb of Anhui Changfeng Yanggong Warring States. In the unearthed double-headed dragon-shaped jade and other specimens, the dragon's facial features, detailed beam, dragon's hooked grain and outline of the outline of the carcass are all fine and smooth. Strong and powerful arc scribing, the expression of all the inscription lines in the pattern is very accurate, showing the dynamic beauty of strength and speed. This is the inevitable result of the hardness and tenacity of the tools used in the reform of the cookware. result. Due to the lack of hardness of the traditional copper cookware, the cutting edge is worn and consumed during the high-speed rotation process of the jade sand. Therefore, the lines carved out are more round and more powerful, and it is more difficult to sculpt some inscriptions that meet special requirements. Line marks. The appearance of iron cookware during the Warring States period not only enhanced its own hardness, but also reduced the abrasion during the high-speed rotation of the jade sand. It also enhanced the precision of the carved lines and conformed to the design parameters according to the requirements of the jade workers. The details of the lines are carefully crafted, and the thickness, depth, length, and curvature of the inscribed lines are clearly explained.
The illustration that best reflects the craftsmanship of the warring country's jade line is a large number of fine-grained "micro-carving" Yin line engravings in this period. The collectors also call it "the silkier", "the silkworm" or " A trace of the silk." This kind of "snakeworker" fine-yin line carving has been used in the middle and late spring and autumn jade, but it has developed into a kind of round and skillful, sleek and incisive "micro-carving" technique, which is in the middle and late Warring States. Such "snakesman" Yinxian is engraved into the autumn, and the naked eye is often not clear and meticulous, but the microscopic magnification observation is freely and rigorously refined, and it is very elegant. It appears and popular, enriches and refines the shape of the jade. The level and connotation of structure and schema make up for the weakness of the jade-made plane carving or round sculpture pattern, the details are vague and hidden, and the three-dimensional sense is insufficient. The traditional Yin-line technique is pushed to the extreme of fine work and superb, Shi Guoyu璜 的 的 禽 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五 五Parallel diagonal lines and other such "springwork" carvings are used. It is generally believed that the micro-carved Yinxian of such fine hairspring is the result of the skillful use of a kind of fine-thickness carvings with high hardness. (There is also a view that such shallow and fine-grained lines are not carved for the cookware, but should be The sharp-pointed sharpeners are directly characterized.) Such micro-engraving techniques can be developed and matured rapidly during the Warring States Period. They should be closely related to the reform of the texture and structure of the jade tools, because the carvings are so smooth and continuous. The shallow and fine engraved line is not enough only by the skillful and skillful walking and hooking technique of the jade. Only after the iron cookware on the occasion of the Warring States is produced and continuously improved, such micro-carved Yinxian may appear and Growing maturity.
Hollow openwork technique
The hollowing-through technique has appeared in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. The complex shapes of the Warring States have begun to use such techniques in large quantities, especially the production of the "out of the profile" jade, the processing of the partial space structure, and the hollowing-out is necessary. Process. Compared with the traditional planar engraving process, the hollow sculpture is a kind of sophisticated and multi-level high-difficult technique, which is also the result of the transformation of the jade tool and the texture change of the jade used for carving jade.
Take the example of the warring States of the Warring States period, which was unearthed from the tomb of Zenghou Yi in Suizhou, Hubei Province. The map of the plane animals is very complicated. According to the layout of the different dragons and snakes in the group, the jade carving technique makes full use of the carving technique. The shape of the jade carvings has formed a stereoscopic visual effect with a rich and vivid picture. The Warring States cascading dragon-grained jade unearthed from the Jiuli tea farm in Linyi, Hunan Province, divides the carcass into separate and independent structures, which are designed and constructed in a way that avoids the overlapping of upper and lower double dragons in the plane group diagram. Monotonous. Such exquisite and chic techniques are also found in the tombs of the Warring States tombs in the Rucheng of Lugu, Shandong Province. The Palace Museum of the Warring States has a double-headed dragon and jade, and the tomb of the Warring States tombs in the Huangnikeng Tomb of Changsha, Hunan Province. Yulong, Anhui Changfeng Yanggong and the Warring States Tomb unearthed out of the shape of the dragon-shaped jade, Anhui Changfeng Yanggong Warring States tomb unearthed out of the shape of dragon and phoenix-shaped jade.
The main procedures of the specific operation of the warring country jade hollow carving technique are as follows: First, the jade worker conceived and designed the contour of the jade shaper after the material was opened, and laid out the contour line to confirm the part to be carved. Then use the boring or pipe drill to locate the eye, determine the "base point" of the hollowing, and then use the hole as the entry point to thread and fix the wire saw (锼 bow). According to the pre-designed hollow space structure, pull with a metal wire saw. Cut out shapes of various shapes and sizes that meet the preset accuracy requirements. After the hollowed out part is rough-formed, the edges and sidewalls are further processed, polished and polished.
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