Characteristics and Appreciation Points of Jade Objects in the Song Dynasty
The white jade dragon and phoenix in the Song Dynasty
The history of Chinese jade has a long history. After entering the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with the development of productivity, people have greatly improved the carving and connotation of jade. After entering the Qin and Han dynasties, the powerful productivity of the Great Empire became the development of jade carving culture. basis. However, in the war years of the Five Hu and Sixteen countries after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, productivity was greatly destroyed, people were displaced, and the development of jade carvings was also hindered.
After the reunification of the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, the social form of the Tang and Song Dynasties also changed, and the jade carvings began to become secular and commercialized.
The Song Dynasty was an important period in the history of the development of Chinese jade culture. After the low tide of jade production in the five generations and ten countries, the production of jadeware suddenly heated up. The unification of the country brought about the prosperity of the cultural economy, especially the addiction of the emperor Huizong Zhaozhao, which directly or indirectly promoted the unprecedented development of the jade in the Song Dynasty.
At this time, the folk jade carving industry has begun to take shape, and the jade market has emerged as the times require. There are shops specializing in jade in Yanliang (now Kaifeng City), Yangzhou and Hangzhou. The tendency of secularization of jade articles in the Song Dynasty and the rise of folk jade carvings are related to the development of commodity economy. The main consumer objects of folk jade carvings are not entirely royal aristocrats, nor are they completely a class of scholars, and ordinary people who are obsessed with jade articles. . The jade materials used in the Song Dynasty and Tian Baiyu, Huangyu, and Qingbaiyu accounted for the mainstream, as well as local jade, crystal, and agate.
The extensive use of clever color carving began in Song
The jade artifacts of the Song Dynasty were deeply influenced by the painting art of the time. They were fresh and elegant, with both form and spirit. They were very literary and interesting, and there was no rudeness. Its production process has the following characteristics:
1. The characteristics of the round figures and animals are very general, the knife is skillful, the shape is vivid, and lifelike.
2. Open the first layer of deep three-dimensional carving, which provides a precedent for the carving process of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3. The Yin line is thicker than Tang, but it is euphemistic and smooth. It is used to make the sleeves fluttering on the costumes. The phoenix wing feathers, the fish fins and the flower leaves are often carved with straight roots.
4. It is possible to make the color of the jade material, and apply the appropriate carving. This kind of craft is called the carving, and the jade is called the jade. Qiao Seyu first appeared in the Shang Dynasty, and occasionally in the Han Dynasty. This technique was widely used in the Song Dynasty.
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