Be alert to the potential risks of the extension of the letter of credit
In the inspection of the bank's foreign exchange business, we paid special attention to the letter of credit business and found two notable problems.
First, the credit risk is translated into credit risk. When the bank handles the import and export business for the enterprise, it can guarantee the enterprise according to the credit status of the enterprise, and in the form of the internal credit or standby loan commitment of the bank, when the enterprise is unable to accept the business. , causing credit risk to banks.
The second is that the customs are not easy to induce credit fraud. A letter of credit is a self-contained document, and its payment commitment is rigid. The bank only pays for the “voucher†without questioning the contract, the goods, or the performance of the contract. This feature is easily used by some enterprises to open a letter of credit without a real trade background, and to defraud bank foreign exchange funds. During the inspection, we found that the bank's letter of credit file did not retain the proper transportation documents and insurance policies, and could not judge the authenticity of the trade. The documents of individual banks contained a large number of documents without property rights protection. According to this, the risk is obvious.
It is not difficult to see that the transfer of credit risk to the credit risk of the bank is one of the important reasons for the loss of bank loans; if the bank is not strict with the commercial documents, it is the key to generating financing risks under the letter of credit, and it is also the inducing letter of credit. The root of fraud.
Banks must guard against the risk of advances in letters of credit. In addition to improving internal control, strict operating procedures, and strengthening self-discipline of staff, it is more important to have a set of anti-risk mechanisms and measures to withstand risks.
1. Anti-risk mechanism. The first is the management mechanism. Banks should give full play to the role of the loan review committee and the credit committee, review the trade background and related documents of the letter of credit from different angles, and strictly divide the customer's reputation procedures according to the credit level, and help the poor and the poor. At the same time, an oversight committee should be set up to investigate and deal with human rights loans. The second is the policy mechanism. It is necessary to conscientiously implement the "Regulations on the authenticity of import payment verification transactions", and accordingly develop a corresponding management system to avoid policy risks. Prevent fraudulent activities by companies that open a letter of credit without a real trade background.
2. Resist the risk measures. First, it is an important guarantee to ensure the consistency of documents. At the time of risk, the bank can obtain credits by confirming the creditors and obtaining the cargo rights based on the matching documents. The second is to achieve information sharing and comprehensively grasp the credit status of customers and exporters. Banks should understand the real situation of domestic and foreign customers through various channels such as on-site visits, telephone faxes, etc. If possible, analyze the international market conditions, so as to grasp the initiative and reduce the risk of advances in letters of credit. The third is to determine the risk factor and implement quantitative indicator management. Banks should continuously summarize the reasons for the risk of advances in letters of credit based on the accumulation of actual work, and carry out risk factor management. If the indicators are exceeded, they should actively take remedial measures. At the same time, in the process of handling business, you need to collect full security deposit or apply for property mortgage. Fourth, the management department should strengthen the guidance on the import letter of credit business, limit the financing costs of import letters of credit, especially long-term letters of credit, support the stable operation of banks, and jointly prevent the risk of advances in letters of credit.
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